[关键词] 岩棉;外墙外保温
[中图分类号] TU55+1.3 [文献标识码] A
Application and Study on Outer-wall External Thermal Insulation based on Rock-wool
SONG Chang-you1,CHEN Dan-lin3,LIN Yan-cheng1, HUANG Zhen-li1
(1.Beijing Zhenli High New Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100073,China;2.Beijing Liujian Construction Corporation, Beijing 100039,China)
[Abstract] The paper introduced the applied technology of rock-wool in outer-wall external thermal insulation. These applied technologies were the key content in the proposal of “study on fire-proof technology of outer-wall external thermal insulation for high-rise building” which belongs to Beijing Science Committee. The study provided 2 kinds of finish systems which were pouring and anchoring rock-wool panel respectively. In general, galvanizing steel-meshwork using machine anchor can use all kinds of Rock-wool panel made in China. The interface mortar used in Rock-wool can prevent worker’s hand from hurting and improve the water-proof capability and bonding intensity of rock-wool panel. The low-heat conductivity of polystyrene foaming granule paste improved the integer and anti-crack of system. The 2 kinds of rock-wool system all can resolve the current rock-wool panel applied difficulty in outer-wall external thermal insulation. The rock-wool external thermal insulation which has very nice fire-proof capability can apply any kinds of builds, especially high-rise buildings.
[Keywords] rock-wool,outer-wall external thermal insulation
1 岩棉的定义、岩棉板的类型与特点
岩棉在20世纪30年代就已投入工业化生产,是目前世界上应用范围最广的保温材料。在国外岩棉被称为“第五常规能源”,此种材料在建筑中的应用最为广泛。
1.1岩棉的定义
在我国的标准中对岩棉(Rock-wool)是这样定义的:主要由熔融天然火成岩制成的一种矿物棉称为岩棉。岩棉是以精选的玄武岩或辉绿岩为主要原料,外加一定数量的补助料,经高温熔融离心吹制成人造无机纤维,其主要化学成分为:SiO2(46%)、Al2O3(15.6%)、MgO(5.1%)、CaO(28%)、Fe2O3(3.3%)。
1.2岩棉板的类型与特点
在岩棉纤维中加入适量粘结剂、防尘剂、憎水剂等外加剂,经过压制固化可制成具有一定强度的岩棉板。根据目前的生产工艺,可分为沉降法岩棉板、摆锤法岩棉板和三维法岩棉板。
1)沉降法工艺的主要生产流程是高温熔体经离心吹制,形成岩棉纤维,在沉降室的输送带上堆积,达到一定厚度以后,经过加压辊进入固化炉,沉降室法岩棉的纤维为平面分布,密度和粘结剂的均匀性较差,影响板的抗压性能和层间结合强度。
2)摆锤法是在沉降法的基础上,通过改进收棉方法,先由捕集带收集较薄的岩棉层,经摆锤的逐层叠铺,达到一定的层数和厚度,再由加压辊进行压制,进入固化炉固化,再经冷却、切割、包装等工序制成成品。这种方法改善了棉层及所含的粘结剂的均匀程度,并且由于棉层叠铺时产生的斜度,纤维呈部分竖向分布,因而抗压强度和层间结合强度得到提高。
3)三维法岩棉是把摆锤法叠铺形成的未固化岩棉层,通过机械方法改变棉层的分布方向,从而形成高强度的三维岩棉产品,三维法岩棉纤维呈三维分布,抗压强度高,不易分层和剥离。
通过这3种方法生产出来的岩棉板在物理性质上有较大的差别,沉降法岩棉板基本上没有抗剥离强度,而摆锤法岩棉板的抗剥离强度大于14 kPa,三维法岩棉板的抗剥离强度大于22 kPa;10%压缩量的压缩强度沉降法岩棉板不到20 kPa,而摆锤法岩棉板可达40 kPa以上,三维法岩棉板则可达到60 kPa以上;采用完全浸入法测定岩棉板的吸水性,沉降法岩棉板的吸水量是其自身重量的几十倍,而且吸入的水分在十几天过后也不能完全排除,摆锤法岩棉板的吸水量比较小,是其自身重量的几倍,三维法岩棉板的吸水性与聚苯板